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blue shiner
''Cyprinella caerulea'', the blue shiner, is a species of shiner that is located in the southeastern area of the United States. It is listed as endangered under the IUCN and threatened under the federal government.〔NatureServe 2013. Cyprinella caerulea. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. .〕 This species of shiner is endemic to the Cahaba and Coosa River systems of the Mobile Basin in Alabama. However, it now ranges from and is restricted to the Coosa River system in northeast Alabama, northwest Georgia, and southeast Tennessee. Blue shiners can be found in second to fourth order streams with a moderate to low river current. Being sight feeders, their diet consists of terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates found in drift. The life span of this species is only 3 years. 〔Stephens, C.M. and Mayden, R.L., ''Threatened Fishes of the World: Cyprinella caerulea Jordan, 1877 (Cyprinidae).'' Environmental Biology of Fishes 55(3) (1999): 264.〕 Current management practices put forth by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service include watershed protection, monitoring the populations, reducing threats, and increasing our knowledge about the species habitat requirements. Monitoring is especially important because it tracks the possible decline or increases in the populations. The objective of this management practice is delisting the blue shiner.〔Stewart, J.H. and Larson, R., ''Blue shiner (Cyprinella caerulea) Recovery Plan.'' U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (1999): 7.〕
==Geographic Distribution==
''C. caerulea'' is a species that is endemic to the southeastern United States. Specifically it is native to the Cahaba and Coosa River systems of the Mobile Basin in Alabama. However, with populations declines, it is now restricted to the Coosa River system in four disjunct populations in northeast Alabama, northwest Georgia, and southeast Tennessee.〔Stephens, C.M. and Mayden, R.L., ''Threatened Fishes of the World: Cyprinella caerulea Jordan, 1877 (Cyprinidae).'' Environmental Biology of Fishes 55(3) (1999): 264.〕 Within the Coosa River system, they were native to Choccolocco Creek, the Little River, Weogufka Creek, and Big Wills Creek in Alabama; the Coosawattee River the Oostanaula River in Georgia, and the Conasauga River in Georgia and Tennessee. The exact cause of this restriction and decline isn’t currently known. However, most people believe that it is caused by the degradation of habitat and water degradation caused by urbanization, pollution, and sedimentation.[ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』]
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